Endocrinology and Metabolism

Case Report

Thyroid
Delayed Surgery for Parathyroid Adenoma Misdiagnosed as a Thyroid Nodule and Treated with Radiofrequency Ablation: Ho-Su Kim, Bong Hoi Choi, Jung Rang Park, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Soo Kyoung Kim, Sungsu Kim, Kyong-Young Kim, Soon Il Chung, Tae Sik Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(3):231-235. Published online September 13, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.3.231

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Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of isolated parathyroid adenoma in 80% to 85% of all cases. A ^99mtechnetium (^99mTc) sestamibi scan or neck ultrasonography is used to localize the neoplasm prior to surgical intervention. A 53-year-old female was referred for the exclusion of metabolic bone disease. She presented with low back pain that had persisted for the past 6 months and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (1,253 IU/L). Four years previously, she had been diagnosed at a local hospital with a 2.3-cm thyroid nodule, which was determined to be pathologically benign. Radiofrequency ablation was performed at the same hospital because the nodule was still growing during the follow-up period 2 years before the visit to our hospital, and the procedure was unsuccessful in reducing the size of the nodule. The results of the laboratory tests in our hospital were as follows: serum calcium, 14.6 mg/dL; phosphorus, 3.5 mg/dL; and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 1,911 pg/mL. Neck ultrasonography and ^99mTc sestamibi scan detected a 5-cm parathyroid neoplasm in the left lower lobe of the patient's thyroid; left parathyroidectomy was performed. This case indicated that thyroid ultrasonographers and pathologists need to be experienced enough to differentiate a parathyroid neoplasm from a thyroid nodule; ^99mTc sestamibi scan, serum calcium, and iPTH levels can help to establish the diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasm.

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Complications after radiofrequency ablation of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease
Li-Ping Lin, Miao Lin, Song-Song Wu, Wei-hua Liu, Li Zhang, Yi-ping Ruan, Mei-zhu Gao, Fu-Yuan Hong
Renal Failure.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors influencing cure of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism
Fangyi Liu, Li Zang, Yang Liu, Xiaoling Yu, Zhigang Cheng, Zhiyu Han, Jie Yu, Ping Liang
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2022; 39(1): 258. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation versus parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients: a single-center retrospective study
Mian Ren, Danna Zheng, Juan Wu, Yueming Liu, Chengzhong Peng, Wei Shen, Bo Lin
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiofrequency Ablation of Parathyroid Adenoma: A Novel Treatment Option for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Iram Hussain, Shahzad Ahmad, Jules Aljammal
AACE Clinical Case Reports.2021; 7(3): 195. CrossRef
Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Single Session vs. Two-Session for Effect on Hypocalcemia
Zeng Zeng, Cheng-Zhong Peng, Ji-Bin Liu, Yi-Wen Li, Hong-Feng He, Qiao-Hong Hu, Bo Lin, Xiao-Gang Shen
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation for ectopic secondary hyperparathyroidism: a feasibility study
Xin Li, Ying Wei, Hongzeng Shao, Lili Peng, Chao An, Ming-An Yu
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2019; 36(1): 646. CrossRef
US-guided Microwave Ablation of Hyperplastic Parathyroid Glands: Safety and Efficacy in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease—A Pilot Study
Li Zhuo, Li-li Peng, Yu-mei Zhang, Zhi-hong Xu, Gu-ming Zou, Xin Wang, Wen-ge Li, Ming-de Lu, Ming-an Yu
Radiology.2017; 282(2): 576. CrossRef
Safety and efficiency of microwave ablation for recurrent and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy: A retrospective pilot study
Ming-An Yu, Li Yao, Ling Zhang, Lili Peng, Li Zhuo, Yumei Zhang, Wenge Li, Ming-De Lv
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2016; 32(2): 180. CrossRef
A nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma misdiagnosed as a follicular thyroid nodule
Filomena Cetani, Gianluca Frustaci, Liborio Torregrossa, Silvia Magno, Fulvio Basolo, Alberto Campomori, Paolo Miccoli, Claudio Marcocci
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251. CrossRef

Original Articles

Differential Diagnostic Value of Total T3/Free T4 Ratio in Graves' Disease and Painless Thyroiditis Presenting Thyrotoxicosis.: Sang Min Lee, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Ho Su Kim, Sungsu Kim, Soon Il Chung, Bong Hoi Choi, Tae Sik Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(2):121-125. Published online June 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.2.121

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
It is important to differentiate Graves' disease from that of painless thyroiditis in patients with thyrotoxicosis. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of total T3 to free T4 ratio in making a differential diagnosis between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of thyrotoxic patients, who had been diagnosed with Graves' disease or painless thyroiditis, from October 2009 to July 2011. We assessed clinical characteristics, serum levels of total T3, free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin, and findings of 99mTechnetium thyroid scan. We analyzed the total T3/free T4 ratios between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis patients. RESULTS: A total of 76 untreated thyrotoxic patients "49 Graves' disease and 27 painless thyroiditis" were examined. The total T3, free T4 levels and the total T3/free T4 ratios were significantly higher in patients with Graves' disease than in those with painless thyroiditis (P < 0.001). In the total T3/free T4 ratio > 73, the possibility of Graves' disease was significantly higher than in painless thyroiditis (sensitivity, 75.5%; specificity, 70.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of the total T3/free T4 ratio in patients with free T4 < 3.6 ng/dL have been increased (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 71.4%). CONCLUSION: The total T3/free T4 ratios was useful for making a differential diagnosis between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of 99mTc Pertechnetate Thyroid Uptake Rates by Gamma Probe and Gamma Camera Methods for Differentiating Graves’ Disease and Thyroiditis
Meihua Jin, Jonghwa Ahn, Seong-gil Jo, Jangwon Park, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jin-Sook Ryu
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2022; 56(1): 42. CrossRef
Interpretation of puzzling thyroid function tests
Jee Hee Yoon, Ho-Cheol Kang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2018; 61(4): 241. CrossRef
The High Proportion of Painless Thyroiditis as a Cause of Thyrotoxicosis in Korea
Sang Il Mo, A Jeong Ryu, Yeo Joo Kim, Sang Jin Kim
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2015; 8(1): 61. CrossRef

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hyperglycemic Emergency State Accompanying Rhabdomyolysis.: Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Kyeong Ju Lee, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Hee Jin Kim, Ho Su Kim, Sungsu Kim, Soon Il Chung, Tae Sik Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(4):317-323. Published online December 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.4.317

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis and its association with both clinical course and prognosis and to evaluate the factors associated with rhabdomyolysis in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with hyperglycemic emergencies who visited our hospital from May 2003 to April 2010. We assessed the clinical characteristics, biochemical profiles and clinical course of patients and analyzed these data according to the presence of rhabdomyolysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of rhabdomyolysis was 29 patients (28.4%) among 102 patients. Mean serum osmolarity, glucose and serum creatinine levels were higher in patients with rhabdomyolysis than those without rhabdomyolysis. Patients with rhabdomyolysis had higher rates of hemodialysis and mortality than those without the condition. The factors associated with rhabdomyolysis in the hyperglycemic emergency state were increased serum osmolarity and APACHE II score on admission (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyolysis commonly occurred in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies and this could aggravate their clinical course and increase mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Acute diabetes complications
Salvatore Piro, Francesco Purrello
Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2021; 69(4): 269. CrossRef
The Authors Reply: Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Elderly Patients With Hyperglycemic Emergency State at a Single Institution
Yong Jung Cho
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2017; 21(1): 38. CrossRef
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Elderly Patients With Hyperglycemic Emergency State at a Single Institution
Yun Jae Shin, Dae In Kim, Dong Won Lee, Beung Kwan Jeon, Jung Geun Ji, Jung Ah Lim, Young Jung Cho, Hong Woo Nam
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2016; 20(4): 185. CrossRef

Case Reports

The Case of Accelerated Linear Growth Despite Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Deficiency.: Kyeong Ju Lee, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Tae Sik Jung, Jung Hwa Jung, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Won Hyun Lee, Han wook Yoo, Soon Il Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(3):206-211. Published online September 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.3.206

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Abstract PDF: Here we describe a male patient who attained normal height despite combined hypopituitarism with an abnormal growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis. When he was an 18-year-old, he presented with a short stature and underdeveloped external genitalia. The patient had not undergone normal pubertal development and he displayed a height below the fifth percentile. Hormonal and radiological studies revealed the findings of severe anterior pituitary hormone deficiency and an atrophic pituitary gland. There had been no recent follow-ups with the patient or medical treatment since that time. In the current presentation, the patient, now 22 years of age, had attained normal height, yet he remained prepubertal and showed manifestations of delayed bone age and combined hypopituitarism. In addition, the patient's IGF-II levels were increased for his age.

A Case of Central Diabetes Insipitus Combined with Septo-Optic Dysplasia and Schizencephaly in 31-year-old Woman.: Soo Kyoung Kim, Tae Sik Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Sang Min Lee, Sung Won Moon, Kyeong Ju Lee, Soon Il Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(5):339-343. Published online October 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.5.339

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Abstract PDF

A 31-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation and management of poorly controlled epilepsy. The patient had been taking anti-epileptic drugs for six years. An MRI imaging study showed septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and schizencephaly. SOD is a syndrome characterized by agenesis of the septum pellucidum or corpus callosum, optic nerve dysplasia and congenital hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency. The patient was referred to the endocrine clinic for exclusion of any pituitary hormonal deficiencies. In a systemic review, the patient complained of polydipsia and polyuria for 20 years. In laboratory tests, measurements showed a serum osmolarity of 281 mOsm/kg, a serum sodium concentration of 144.7 mmol/L, a spot urine osmolarity of 183 mOsm/kg and a spot urine sodium concentration of 32 mmol/L. The patient underwent a water deprivation test, and was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus. We report a case of central diabetes insipitus combined with SOD, schizencephaly and epilepsy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Case of Septo-Optic Dysplasia Resulting in Central Diabetes Insipidus and Nonobstructive Bilateral Hydronephrosis
Jong Hyun Kim, Kwang Bok Lee, Jeonghun Lee, Soo Min Nam, Kang-Woo Lee, Eu Gene Hwang, Geon Gil
Korean Journal of Medicine.2014; 87(2): 209. CrossRef
A Case of Septo-optic Dysplasia Associated with Anterior Pituitary Hormone Abnormalities
Jin-Woo Lee, Eui-Kyung Hwang, Tae-Ho Kim, Hyung-Young Yoon, Jae Ho Jung, Yong Won Choi, Suk-Woo Yong, Jae-Hong Ahn, Sun-Yong Kim, Ho Sung Kim, Yoon-Sok Chung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(1): 33. CrossRef

Original Articles

ras Mutation in Korean Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas.: Jung Hwa Jung, Keun Sook Kim, Tae Sik Jung, Young Lyun Oh, Hye Won Jang, Hye Seung Jung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(3):203-209. Published online June 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.3.203

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
RET/PTC rearrangement and mutations of BRAF and ras are well-known oncogenes involved in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangement and BRAF mutations were 0~13% and 66~83% in Korean patients with PTC, respectively. We evaluated the prevalence of ras mutations in surgical specimens of PTC, and we compared them with the patients' clinical features. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included the surgical specimens of 49 PTCs and a few follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and follicular adenomas (FAs) as positive controls. Polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequence analysis were consecutively performed to detect ras mutations. RESULTS: No mutations of the ras oncogenes were detected in 49 PTCs. However, heterozygous mutations of the ras oncogenes were found in a FTC and FA as positive controls, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that ras mutation is not or rarely related to the tumorigenesis of PTCs in Koreans. Therefore, BRAF mutations and RET/PTC rearrangement, rather than ras mutation, might contribute the development of PTC in Koreans.

p53, p21 and bcl-2 Protein Expressions and the Clinical Significance in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Tae Sik Jung, Keun Sook Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hwa Jung, Eun Young Lee, Hye Seung Jung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(2):98-104. Published online April 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.2.98

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
There have been some investigations concerning the role of p53, p21 and bcl-2 protein expressions for the tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer. It had been debated that these protein expressions were associated with aggressive features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We studied to evaluate the prevalence of these protein expressions and their clinical significances in papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: We selected 49 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who had been operated on at Samsung Medical Center during the last 10 years. Immunohistochemical staining for p53, p21 and bcl-2 was done by the use of paraffin embedded tissues. We analyzed the results of immunohistochemical staining for p53, p21 and bcl-2 and the correlation with the patients' age, gender, tumor size, multifocality, tumor invasion to both lobes, extrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was positive in 10 patients (20%), p21 was positive in 36 patients (73%) and bcl-2 was positive in 18 patients (37%). The p53 and bcl-2 expressions were not associated with the clinical parameters. Tumor multifocality and extrathyroidal invasion were significantly higher in the p21 positive group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the p21 protein expression was associated with tumor multifocality and extrathyroidal invasion in the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for p21 may be used as a parameter for tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Citations

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Clinicopathologic and Diagnostic Significance of p53 Protein Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Mi Kyung Shin, Jeong Won Kim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(5): 2341. CrossRef

Retraction of Publication

Retraction: Clinical Characteristics of Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid and Comparison of Survival to Tall Cell and Columnar Cell Variants of the Papillary Carcinoma.: Tae Sik Jung, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Young Joo Park, Bo Youn Cho; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):589. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.589

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Original Articles

Analysis of the Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human TSH in Patients with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma.: Tae Sik Jung, Hye Seung Jung, Jung Hwa Jung, Yun Jae Chung, Eun Young Oh, Young Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(3):204-212. Published online June 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.3.204

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Individual variations of the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) might influence the efficacy of the radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake. We studied to investigate the individual pharmacokinetics of rhTSH and the effect of the anthropometric parameters on the serum TSH levels in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma. METHODS: We selected 16 patients with conventional rhTSH administration for the preparation of RAI administration between June 2004 and May 2005. We measured serum TSH levels at 24-hour (prior to second rhTSH injection), 48-hour (peak level, prior to RAI administration) and 96-hour (prior to scanning) after the first rhTSH injection. We analyzed the correlation of each TSH levels with age, height, weight, creatinine clearance, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). RESULTS: Peak TSH levels were negatively correlated with weight, BMI, and BSA. Among them, weight was an independent parameter by multivariate analysis. Decrement of serum TSH levels from the peak to the level at 96-hour was negatively correlated with weight, BMI, and BSA. It was positively correlated with increment of serum TSH levels from the level at 24-hour to the peak level. Serum TSH level at 96-hour was lower than 25 mU/L in nine of 16 patients. CONCLUSION: Body weight was inversely correlated with peak TSH level after rhTSH administration. rhTSH-stimulated TSH levels might be exaggerated to unwanted levels, and very rapidly degraded in lower-weighted patients. We should make up for the rhTSH regimen considering the individual variations of its pharmacokinetics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Efficacy of Low-dose and High-dose Radioactive Iodine Ablation With rhTSH in Korean Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Ji Young Joung, Ji Hun Choi, Yoon Young Cho, Na Kyung Kim, Seo Young Sohn, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2016; 39(4): 374. CrossRef

Clinical Characteristics of Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid and Comparison of Its Survival to the Tall Cell and Columnar Cell Variants of Papillary Carcinoma.: Tae Sik Jung, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Young Joo Park, Bo Youn Cho; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(2):132-141. Published online April 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.2.132

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC) of the thyroid includes tall and columnar cell variants (TCV) of the papillary carcinoma as well as the thyroid carcinoma with trabecular, insular and solid (TIS) growth patterns. There have been a few clinical studies on the PDC of the thyroid. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and the outcome of the PDC. METHODS: We investigated the clinicopathologic features of the thyroid carcinoma with TIS growth patterns (n = 46) and TCV of the papillary carcinoma (n = 14). We investigated the clinical features of ten patients diagnosed as PDC of the thyroid who had been undergone thyroidectomy for well differentiated carcinoma previously and compared these outcome with those of patients primarily diagnosed as PDC of the thyroid (n = 60). RESULTS: The clinical course of the thyroid carcinoma with TIS growth patterns was slightly more aggressive than that of TCV of the papillary carcinoma. However, disease-specific survivals of both cancers were not significantly different. Disease-specific survival was independently correlated with the presence of distant metastasis at diagnosis and high dose radioiodine therapy. The clinical features and outcome of the patients with PDC detected at recurred sites after operation for well-differentiated carcinoma were more aggressive than those diagnosed as PDC of the thyroid. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of the thyroid carcinoma with TIS growth patterns and TCV of the papillary carcinoma were similar. The PDC which was detected after thyroidectomy for well-differentiated carcinoma had worse prognosis than primarily diagnosed as PDC of the thyroid.

Analysis of Clinical Features of Korean Patients with Adrenocortical Carcinoma.: Chan Ho Yoon, Tae Sik Jung, Hye Seung Jung, Eun Yonug Lee, Sung Jin Bae, Ji Youn Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(1):47-52. Published online February 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.1.47

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare tumor. Its early detection is difficult and its prognosis is poor. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 13 patients with ACC between 1995 and 2005 at Samsung Medical Center. Their clinical features and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS: The average age of the patients with ACC was 40 years (2~75 years). Eight patients were men and five were women. On the first visit, eight of 13 patients (62%) complained abdominal pain, and abdominal mass was palpable in five of 13 patients (38%). Urinary concentration of 17-ketosteroid collected for 24 hours was increased in two of eight patients (25%). Three out of 13 patients were identified as having functioning adrenal tumors (1 Cushing's syndrome and 2 androgen-producing tumors), and the other 10 patients had hormonally inactive adrenal tumors. Ten patients had tumors in left adrenal gland, and three had in right adrenal gland. At the time of diagnosis, four patients were classified as having stage II, seven as stage III, and two as stage IV. Twelve patients underwent adrenalectomy. One of them received additional chemotherapy, and two patients were treated with external radiation therapy after surgery. The other one patient was treated only with chemotherapy due to the presence of liver metastasis. It was possible to continue the regular follow-up in eight of 13 patients. The median duration of follow-up was 39 months (7~114 months). Six of them are still alive (three have no evidence of disease, one had persistence of disease, and two had recurrence of disease during follow-up period). Two patients died of multiple metastases and lung metastasis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Radical surgery is the only curative approach and is recommended for all patients with resectable tumors, even though in those patients with recurrent disease. There is no consensus concerning adjuvant therapy.

Citations

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A Case Report of Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma Complicated by Adrenal Insufficiency
Min Joo Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Tae Young Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 243. CrossRef

Case Reports

Upper Airway Obstruction Caused by Intratracheal Ectopic Thyroid Tissue during Pregnancy.: Eun Young Lee, Byung Wan Lee, Jhingook Kim, Sung Jin Bae, Tae Sik Jung, Hye Seung Jung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(4):413-420. Published online August 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.4.413

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Abstract PDF

Herein is report an extremely rare case of an intratracheal ectopic thyroid gland related with pregnancy. A 34-year-old woman, in gestational week 11, presented with stridor, progressive dyspnea and a choking sensation during her second pregnancy. Computed tomography of the neck and chest revealed a round intratracheal mass obstructing the airway. A bronchoscopic biopsy with LASER cauterization was performed, and the histological finding revealed normal thyroid tissue. The external thyroid of the patient was evaluated, but only found benign nodules in the thyroid gland. She underwent a segmental resection of the trachea, including the mass and the 1st tracheal cartilage. The histological findings revealed the intratracheal mass to be composed of benign thyroid tissue with nodular hyperplasia. After surgery, no pulmonary symptoms were evident. This case suggested the effect of pregnancy on thyroid tissue stimulatied due to a combination of an increasing human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) level and relative iodine deficiency during pregnancy. This is the first report on the detection of intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue during pregnancy in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A case of mediastinal ectopic thyroid presenting with a paratracheal mass
Eun Roh, Eun Shil Hong, Hwa Young Ahn, So-Yeon Park, Ho Il Yoon, Kyong Soo Park, Young Joo Park
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2013; 28(3): 361. CrossRef

A Case of Anterior Pituitary Agenesis in an Adult Woman.: Tae Sik Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Kang Wan Lee, Jung Hwa Jung, Soo Hee Kim, Jong Ha, Hwal Suk Cho, Sun Il Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(2):263-268. Published online April 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: Dear Author, You have used abbreviations that will need to be defined in the main paper, i.e. PIT1, PROP1 and MRI. This is just for your advice. Pituitary agenesis is an uncommon cause of panhypopituitarism. It has been proposed that breech delivery, or birth trauma, is a major factor causing pituitary agenesis. Recent studies have suggested that genetic defects in the PIT1 or PROP1 gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary agenesis. In this case we report on the diagnosis of a 33-years old female patient with-growth retardation and sexual infantilism. We diagnosed anterior pituitary hormones deficiencies, with the exception of adrenocorticotropic hormone, by a combined pituitary stimulation test. We observed pituitary agenesis using sella MRI. Involvement of the PIT1 or PROP1 genes in this case remains to be determined. Here we report a case of pituitary agenesis found in an adult woman together with a brief review about this disease entity.

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